Djibo(Burkina Faso)- For people in Djibo, a northern Burkina Faso town near Mali’s border, any help can’t come soon enough.
African leaders gathered for a summit Friday in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, to address growing global humanitarian needs, facing increased violent extremism, climate change challenges and a run of military coups.
Leaders called for increased mobilization to resolve a humanitarian crisis that has displaced millions and more than 280 million suffering from malnourishment.
The city in the Sahel region — the large expanse below the Sahara Desert — has been besieged since February by jihadis who prevent people and goods from moving in or out and cut water supplies. Few truckers want to run the jihadist gauntlet. Residents are suffering from no food or water, animals are dying, and grain prices have spiked.
“The goods are not arriving anymore here. Animal and agricultural production is impossible because the people cannot return to their villages,” U.N. resident and humanitarian coordinator Barbara Manzi told The Associated Press from Djibo this week. “Unless (a solution) is found, it will be a tragedy for the entire group of people here.”
Djibo has been at the epicentre of the violence linked to al-Qaida and the Islamic State group that has killed thousands and displaced nearly 2 million people. While Djibo — and Soum province, where the town is located — experience periods of calm, such as during a makeshift ceasefire between jihadis and the government surrounding the 2020 presidential election, the truce didn’t last.
Since November, insecurity in the region has increased. Jihadis have destroyed water infrastructure in the town and lined much of Djibo’s perimeter with explosives, blockading the city, say locals.
The town’s population has swollen from 60,000 to 300,000 over the last few years as people flee the countryside to escape the violence.
Blockading cities is a tactic used by jihadis to assert dominance and could also be an attempt to get Burkina Faso’s new military junta, which seized power in January, to backtrack on promises to eliminate the jihadis, said Laith Alkhouri, CEO of Intelonyx Intelligence Advisory, a group that provides intelligence analysis.
“Militants resort to blockading when they see an opportunity to gain incentives in negotiating with the government and simultaneously send a message to their base that they are in control. It’s a bargaining card and a winning one,” he said.
A U.N. team flew in briefly to assess the situation. The A.P. was the first foreign media to visit the town in more than a year.
“Today, there is nothing to buy here. Even if you have cash, there is nothing to buy. We came here with four donkeys and goats; some died because of hunger. We were forced to sell the rest of the animals, and unfortunately, prices of animals have decreased,” said cattle owner Mamoudou Oumarou.
The 53-year-old father of 13 fled his village in February and said the blockade in Djibo has prevented people from coming to the market to buy and sell cattle, decreasing demand and lowering prices for the animals by half.
Before the violence, Djibo had one of the Sahel’s most significant and vital cattle markets and was a bustling economic hub. Some 600 trucks used to enter Djibo monthly; now, it’s less than 70, said Alpha Ousmane Dao, director of Seracom, a local aid group in Djibo.
According to the U.N, Burkina Faso is facing its worst hunger crisis in six years; more than 630,000 people are on the brink of starvation.
As a result of Djibo’s blockade, the World Food Program has been unable to deliver food to the town since December, and stocks are running out, said Antoine Renard, country director in Burkina Faso.
Efforts to end the blockade through dialogue have had mixed results. At the end of April, the emir of Djibo met with Burkina Faso’s top jihadist, Jafar Dicko, to negotiate to lift the siege. However, little progress has been made since then.
Locals say the jihadis have eased restrictions in some areas allowing more unrestricted movement. The army is now preventing people from bringing food out of Djibo to the surrounding villages for fear it will go to the jihadis.
The army denied the allegations.
Meanwhile, residents in Djibo say they’re risking their lives just trying to survive.
Dadou Sadou searches for wood and water in the middle of the night outside Djibo when she says the jihadis are not around.
“We no longer have animals; we don’t have food to buy in the market … If you have children, you don’t have a choice,” she said.